Is418 Lab8

IS 418 LAB 8 1. Explain the following command: rpm –qf/bin/ls -RPM command is used for installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, listing, and checking RPM packages on your Linux system. 2. Discuss the purpose of a software repository as it relates to YUM. -The yum system does not require any routine maintenance. It is useful to disable or remove repository definitions that are no longer required, as each repository that is defined and enabled is checked for every operation. You may also wish to periodically remove files relating to unwanted packages, in order to save disk space 3.How can one ensure a download tar ball is legitimate and hasn’t been tampered with? -Run a checksum test 4. List and explain at least 3 switches available with the tar command that can be useful in extracting and installing a tarball -ark 5. List and explain at least 3 switches associated with the rpm command that can be leveraged to verify, list and install rpm packages? tar zxvf makefile . tar. gz cd make file ./install/ 6. What security countermeasure can you enable to verify the integrity of download application or tar balls before you perform the installation? -used Ark to extract the tar ball . Explain what hashing is and how does this differ from encryption? -Hashing is just line of code and it not encrypted 8. If you wanted to know which package a certain program belonged to, what command would you run? -tar xvzf PACKAGENAME. tar. gz 9. Once you have downloaded an RPM package, what command would you run if you want to extract the files to a directory of your choice -tar xzvf file. tar. gz 10. Where would you find checksum hashes for all install program in a Fedora Core Linux Server? -Verification code called a hash computed from the original ISO files.

Interview with a Medical Coder Essay

Medicine is an art, it is science and business. There are scientific and artistic aspects those doctors learn in the profession of medicine. Doctors have to be paid which requires a different skill that is complex and comes with administrative professional. Hint a Medical Biller and Coding. Medical Billers and Coders work with clinics, doctors, hospitals, patients, and other medical facilities. Submitting claims to insurance companies help ensure that supporting staff and doctors are properly reimbursed for services rendered. When one is a Medical Biller there are abbreviations and acronyms that help save time when filing a claim. Many offices have their own most frequently used acronyms and abbreviations that they use to do their coding and billing. There are many acronyms and abbreviations used in all medical practices. Here are some examples: EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): Electronic claims that are sent to a central clearinghouse for distribution for individual carriers. EOB (Explanation of Benefits): This refers to a document that is issued by an insurance company that responds to a claim statement which outlines what services are covered and what services are not, and what level of reimbursement are available. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): The privacy rule, which outlines certain entities in a person health plan, clearinghouses can disclose or use person health information, and who may be allowed to access a patients personal medical records. HMO (Health Maintenance Organization): Is a health management plan that requires patients to have a PCP (primary care physician). A PCP is where patients seek out most of their initial treatment at. If the PCP feels like it is necessary to seek treatment from specialist they will send a patient to within that network. CMS (Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services): United States Department of Health & Human Services that administer Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program, and Medicare. PPO (Preferred Provider Organization): This allows patients to visit providers that are contracted with their insurance companies. If that patient visits a non-contracted provider, the claim will be considered out-of-network. WC (Workers Compensation): The U.S. Department of Labor program provides insurance for employees whom may get injured on their place of employment. POS (Point of Service): An insurance plan that offers low cost HMOs when a patient sees network providers by their insurance company. Currently the medical coding is transitioning from ICD-9 to ICD-10. ICD-10 is presenting itself with more specific information and data, which in the turn helps with the World Health Organization (WHO). With the new ICD-10 codes have increased in character length giving the biller to right which specific extremity it is on a patient (left arm, right arm). ICD-10 compliance date is coming October 1, 2014. ICD- 10 reimbursement has said to have some challenges with DRG payments. The changes that are known to take place do not affect the DRG (Drug Related Groups) calculation as expected. The majority of reimbursements that come to a hospital are based on DRG. The impact on an organization with Medicare revenue of $150 million using a -0.04% variance it would be a $600,000 loss, which is still a substantial amount. Amounts of reimbursements can shift and vary depending on mix of a facilities DRG’s. In ICD-10 financial impact will be with slowdown in submission of final codes, rejections and denials because on inaccurate codes, and productivity loss (Smith, 2013). Medical billers and coders should not be overly concerned with these changes. Medical Billing and Coding specialist deal with patients medical records which contain physician’s notes for services that were rendered at the time of the patients visit. The medical biller and coder translates that information to a five-digit code from American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) or from Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD). It is crucial for the ICD and CPT codes match with the services rendered or a claim will be rejected, many claims are initially rejected. The cost of healthcare is on the rise and the demand for services has increased of required and specialty services feed into the financial greed among HMOs. The major bulk of hospital bills are paid directly by the patient’s health insurance provider which are termed the payer. 68% of the United States population has private insurance which is provided by their employer or self-pay. Around 9% of the population are self-payers who direct-purchase their insurance. There are two main categories of third- party payers they are government and private. Medicaid and Medicare are the largest government issued payers. Reimbursements for both private and governmental have policies that support therapeutics, diagnostics and new medical medicines and technologies. It is clinically evidence based approvals such as diagnostic test, prescription medicines, clinical trials and however insurers are using to help with their life cycle. With reimbursements there are incentives for medical facilities and doctors. Reimbursements are a source of revenue for hospitals; payers do not pay a full price for services. Healthcare has become the economy’s largest force. Healthcare services are very different from other industries because of the production rate. In the healthcare industry the technology advancement makes a bigger impact than other industries. An assembly line at a manufacturing plant process thousands of the same or identical items. These items are produced by robots and machines which dehumanizes the industry. Patients are cared for on unique terms one by one. Health care is also locally based in every city and state and are not outsourced or out of the country. As the healthcare industry is growing the productivity is slowing down. Thus the cost of production in the healthcare industry steadily rises. References (n.d.) AMA American Medical Association. â€Å"The Difference between ICD-9 and ICD-10†. Retrieved July 13, 2013 from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/399/icd10-icd9-differences-fact-sheet.pdf Marcinko, D. (2011). Recognizing the Differences between Healthcare and Other Industries. Retrieved July 20, 2013 from http://medicalexecutivepost.com/2011/01/19/recognizing-the-differences-between-healthcare-and-other-industries/ Smith, Donna. (2013). â€Å"Reimbursement Impact of ICD-10: Should You Be Concerned?†. Retrieved from August 15, 2013 From http://healthcare-executive-insight.advanceweb.com/Features/Articles/Reimbursement-Impact-of-ICD-10-Should-You-Be-Concerned.aspx View as multi-pages

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Networked Medium Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Networked Medium Information Technology Essay Bus networks use a common backbone to connect all devices. A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices attach or tap into with an interface connector. A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message. Ring topology: In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction. A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network. Star topology: Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a â€Å"hub† that may be a  hub,  switch  or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a fai lure in any star network cable will only take down one computer’s network access and not the entire LAN. b) Advantages and disadvantages of each medium. Network medium is the physical channel that used for transmission in the network. The types of the medium are: Wire Fiber air Wire: UTP cable is a medium that is composed of pairs of wires.  UTP cable is used in a variety of networks. Each of the eight individual copper wires in UTP cable is covered by an insulating material. In addition, the wires in each pair are twisted around each other. Fiber: Long distance signal transmission. Large Bandwidth, Light Weight, and Small Diameter Long Lengths Easy Installation and Upgrades Non-Conductivity Security Designed for Future Applications Needs Air: Mobility. Elimination of unsightly cables. c) Recommendation for topology and medium to use: Topology: Figure 1.1 : Star topology We select the star topology for this in-house network. Because the star topology is most popular topolog y for in-house network (LAN). Also we can be benefit by using the star topology in a LAN. Benefits: Information can be easily shared allowing for quick and informed decisions to be made, saving time and money. A more productive and competitive environment is achieved through greater teamwork within the organization. Network-based communication such as email is considerably cheaper than using the phone or fax and sharing resources such as printers gives more efficient use of equipment at lower costs. Standard versions of procedures and directories can be made accessible to everyone. IT administration can be centralised. Data can be backed-up from a single point on a scheduled basis ensuring consistency. Medium: Figure1.2: WI-FI network We select the WI-FI for this in-house network. Because Mobility. Elimination of unsightly cables. Problem Identification: Task 2 – 10 Marks Investigate the Internet connection requirements for the Fire Department. a) Describe the Internet servic es that may be required. b) Explain the connection speeds that are suitable for these requirements. c) Find examples of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that can meet these requirements in your country. d) Make a recommendation to use one ISP based upon the services offered and price charged.

Lessons from Visual Representation of War in Iraq Essay

Lessons from Visual Representation of War in Iraq - Essay Example Gruesome videos and photographs emerged documenting the torture at Abu Ghraib, of the Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers (Giroux 2004). The consequences of the torture of Iraq detainees by United States soldiers are far reaching. Following the release of the photos by the press, people have questioned the legitimacy of US activities and goals in Iraq. This essay will highlight the lessons learnt from the visual representation of the war in Iraq. Discussion Prisoner Abuse The abuse of prisoners in Abu Ghraib can be learnt from the visual representation of the war in Iraq. Following the appearance of photographs in the news in April 2004, the Iraqi and world opinion shifted against the US. These revelations led to reports and investigations in which analysts found out that the medical personnel of the US military was involved in the abuses perpetrated in Abu Ghraib. Photographs were released to the press following the reporting of Iraqi prisoners’ abuses by a police sergeant w ho was working at the prison facility in Abu Ghraib. Upon investigation, a report was produced and released to the press. ... However, the administration which was under Bush claimed that it was a case of few individuals (Giroux, 2004). The culture of the military is highly depicted through the representation of torture in the photographs. Some of the individuals who were responsible for the atrocities committed on Iraqi detainees. However, according to Bartone, (2010), majority of the service members in the US military were not capable of taking part in the torture of the detainees and were dismayed by the acts of their counterparts. They indicated that the scandal of Abu Ghraib was a major stressor and a violation of humanitarian and democratic ideals that the US military was advocating for. Individual and situational factors have been depicted following the emergence of the picture detailing the torture at Abu Ghraib. Under the situation in which the military was placed in at Abu Ghraib, there was the likelihood of development of sadistic tendencies on the part of the soldiers. The prison environment was responsible for development of sadistic tendencies depicted in the nature of torture the officers meted on Iraqi detainees. Situational factors The visual representation of the war in Iraq highlights the ambiguity in command chain in the US military that was deployed in Iraq. The atrocities highlighted in the photos were committed due to confusion and uncertainty as to who was in charge and responsible for ensuring that the military did not go overboard. The Taguba report, which detailed the events that transpired in Abu Ghraib, indicated that during the time when the torture was taking place, there was a major conflict between the commanders of the Military Intelligence Brigade and the commander of 800th brigade. Consequently, the American soldiers who were at the Abu Ghraib

Service learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service learning - Essay Example Someone has to do those kinds of jobs that no one wants to do but must by done by someone in order for the mosque to remain presentable. What kept me going was the thought that I was not doing this for myself, but for the worshippers who frequent the mosque. I might not have received any recognition for it, but I can still be pleased by the contribution that I made. The final task that I did was really pleasing because I was able to make a noticeable different in the lives of young kids. I gave a presentation to these kids on how to overcome culture shock. Many of these kids have never really mixed with people of other cultures, so they really learned something by what I had to say. I was able to tell them of my own experiences as an international student trying to adapt to a different environment and also the challenges that I faced along the way. I could really tell that I made an impact on some of those kids because I could see it in their faces. They asked many questions about wh at it was like to move overseas, and I was able to answer their questions based on my own personal experiences. 2. The main thing that I learned was that I could receive great satisfaction from being able to serve others. I am not usually the servant type, but I now realize just how much it can mean to a person to have a task performed for them. Being able to do that for someone else gave me joy and I realize that I need to be able to serve others in everyday normal life too. The biggest thing that I got out of this service learning process was that there are some things in life that are beyond measure. Serving others is one of the greatest gifts that we can give another person, and this was something that I did not think about before. My whole attitude and outlook on life has changed considerably because I what I have experienced during my time serving at the mosque. If I could do it all again, then I would not hesitate to do

L-12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

L-12 - Coursework Example Firstly, the aim of this decision is to ensure that the law practices fairness to both parties. That is, since the victim has been deprived of his or her ample life, then the fairest act to sentence the culprit to a lifetime imprisonment. Secondly, decision is motivated by the notion of ensuring that, any other Juvenile with a plan to commit murder will be totally warned and discouraged from performing such a heinous act. Whenever one intends to commit a sin and sees the punishments a fellow sinner is going through, then, there are great chances that he or she will drop the heinous intentions. Finally and yet importantly, the decision is driven by the idea of ensuring that murder cases are given significantly heavy weight. Sentencing a murderer into lifetime imprisonment despite a culprit’s age sends a clear message to the public that the act of murder is completely intolerable in all aspects of life. Right from the post’s outset, it is sincerely clear that the subject of intentionally killing another person is matter where a second chance to the culprit is something next to impossibility. In essence, it is considerably important to make it clear that I agree with the post. That is, I support the idea that young murderers should be sentenced into lifetime imprisonment. Psychologically, at the very early age of a human beings development, one of the key lessons that get into one’s brain is that some things are harmful. In fact, at that early age, one automatically learns most of the activities or issues that can make him or another feel lightly or severely injured. At the juvenile age (seventeen years and below), it is essential to note that a young person clearly knows what he or she does. That is, before he gets to commit a murder, the first thing is that he understands that a gun shot or any other killing method will lead to causing great injuries (even death) to an individual. Therefore, even a young murderer sincerely

Business concepts 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business concepts 2 - Coursework Example The first role is the provision of technological supervision in the corporation, which does not only entail the supervision of the other IT specialists but also the information systems and the communications networks. The CIO also oversees the development and execution of an excellent customer service platform relative to the organization’s practices. He/she also liaises with management teams and organizational leaders on any IT-related alterations, advances or probable approaches to enhance communication. Additionally, still under communication, the CIO maintains the corporate network infrastructure for utter connectivity and remote access. Other roles of the CIO entail participation in vendor contract negotiations, assessing and anticipating technology projects, and establishing and directing strategic and tactical objectives, initiatives and practices in the IT department. Finally, the top-level management also requires the CIO to flourish in the identification of user need s and resolution of problems. The core roles of the Information Department, relative to the name, entail dealing with most, if not all, of the organization’s information. The first significant role entails planning, where members in the department work with the Chief Information Officer in developing an IT approach supporting the corporate culture and objectives (Linton, 2015). The planning role of the department helps in building a resilient advantage over the rest of the competitors, which they achieve through customization of software and computer systems significant in meeting needs of other organization’s departments. Networking is also among the roles of the department as it is the backbone of efficient communication and collaboration between departments. The IT departments operations mostly relate to the organization networks and ways of making it more efficient. As modules of the network system, the IT department, through the different teams, engages in

Self-Developmental Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self-Developmental Plan - Assignment Example One should be completely aware of his/her culture in order to explore and understand diverse cultural aspects. Moreover, individuals should be aware of different cultures so that they are able to accept cultural diversity in relation to their values as well as attitudes. In precise, individuals with appropriate knowledge about various facets of diverse cultures are more likely to develop themselves in a better social manner (Koyama, Plash & Davis, 2012). Self-Awareness: Cultural Identity My native place is Saudi Arabia and I moved to Canada with the objective of pursing my higher studies. After my migration, I observed that there are vast differences in culture of these two countries. Initially, I faced a lot of trouble in getting accustomed with the diversity of these two cultures. Owing to my adaptive nature, I was however able to get habituated. Nevertheless, there are certain differences which tend to raise substantial challenges for me to be accustomed with the foreign culture o f Canada. In my childhood, I was not exactly aware of the heritage and richness of my culture. I practically understand about the fact that people of different cultures have distinct ideas, perceptions and values. ... In Arabian culture, men are more dominating and are offered with every opportunity to grow and develop their future life as compared to women. I am physically fit and healthy which further enables me to execute any activities with efficiency. I grew up in a middle class family where my father worked hard in order to provide me with all the necessities of life including education so that I can grow my capability to earn my own livelihood. This meant a lot to me and I will always remember the support and role my family in my life. My background, comprising values and heritage of my culture, education as well as family support, altogether has assisted me towards better growth as well as development in life. The aforementioned factors have also aided me to develop my personal life and to build enhanced relationships with people. The love, affection and support of my family have further been responsible for the development of my personality. In this regard, I will aim to provide adequate support and care to my family with utmost importance. Self-Awareness: Examining Ethnicity Socialization Using SIP I have met with people from various cultures and backgrounds. My family does not have any objection regarding my association with different cultural people. My family has encouraged me to make friends with people from different cultures, enabling me to understand the importance as well as various aspects of diverse culture. They have also insisted me to bring my friends from other culture in my home and treated them with immense respect. This aspect teaches me to be kind even with people from different cultures and backgrounds. Moreover, my family has never obstructed or restricted

The Beveridge Report of 1942 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Beveridge Report of 1942 - Essay Example These payments were recommended to be used to pay benefits to the poor and unemployed. In this way, the Beveridge Report argued for a universal welfare system where the care of people will be the responsibility of the state. Such a welfare system was never suggested before in the country and therefore this particular recommendation holds great value in history. In the Beveridge Report, it was also recommended that revolutionary measures were required to solve problems that were in front of the country. The report also called for an end to â€Å"sectional interests† (Beveridge Report Executive Summary, 1942, 7) and argued for a system that treated everyone equally. The report recommended that it was time to grow past philosophy of inequality and to treat everyone equally. This was another ponderous recommendation of the Beveridge Report. The report also called for a health care system of a public nature that will offer free health service to all the citizens of the country (BBC, 1942). This was also a unique recommendation given in the report. Such a system had never been proposed by anyone in the country before. Another important recommendation of the Beveridge Report was that there should be a balance between the role of state and the individual citizen. The report made it clear that it was not arguing in favor of communism as it acknowledged the right of an individual to earn more than that is required for him and his family (Beveridge Report Executive Summary, 1942, 9). This was another important recommendation that differentiated the reforms suggested from communist ideas. A person was free to live an economic life but had an obligation towards the state in the form of insurance payments and other payments, in the return of which state promised free health care, unemployment, and other necessary benefits.

Music affect the growth of a plant Essay Example for Free

Music affect the growth of a plant Essay Plant growth is the development of seeds of a plant, which might be surrounded by a protective and nutrient rich layer called the fruit, into plant tissue that includes roots, leaves, and the stem (along with all the cells and other things that this tissue is composed of) to create a fully functioning, living, multi-cellular, eukaryotic organism that lacks the ability to move (a plant). Their growth is affected by several factors that include soil moisture, soil pH, sunlight, nitrogen-content of the soil and more. If some these factors are affected in negative ways, then there can be some negative outcomes on the plant itself which could include death. Music might also be one of these affecting factors. In this experiment, two very young plants (pinto bean sprouts Phaseolus vulgaris) will be planted at the same time and will have the same amount of everything; from sunlight to the amount of water they get daily. After they have grown a little and the stem has begun to emerge from within the cotyledons of the bean, they are then separated, and one plant sits in the peace and quiet as a control while the other is subjected to some serious loud music. If conditions are right, the music should stimulate the plants growth. Hypothesis If a pinto bean sprout (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant is grown in a quiet area and another pinto bean sprout is grown in an area with loud music playing, the plant in the area with music will grow to be much larger. The amount of growth will be measured with a metric ruler in centimeters Variables Independent Variables: Temperature, Light, Water: These three factors are equally distributed among both plants, so only variable that would affect plant growth is the music played. Type of Plant and soil: same type of bean sprout used for both plants as to ensure that there are no other variables other than the music being played for the plant along with the same type of garden soil Dependent Variables: The height of both plants after a day of one plant being exposed to silence and the other to music. Control of Variables: 1. Get to pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to be grown that are identical to ensure no other affecting variables in this experiment other than the music being played. 2. Expose both plants to identical conditions of moisture, temperature, sunlight and have both of them grow in the same type of garden soil and they will be grown in containers with the same size as well. 3. For the plant being exposed to music, the same album is played over and over so the type of music is consistent. Materials and Method Materials 2 pinto bean sprouts (Phaseolus vulgaris) 180 ml of water 2 plant pots top opening is 4 inch diamter 2x 500g of garden soil 500 watt stereo Metric Ruler Linkin Park Album Hybrid Theory 100 ml graduated cylinder Method and Procedure 1. Take the 2 plant pots and fill them each with 500 g of garden soil 2. Then, take a pinto bean and plant it in each of the pots; plant each bean so that it is just barely submerged under the soil. 3. Then, take each pot to a different location, but a location in which both plants will be exposed to the same amount of sunlight, heat, etc 4. Then, just leave one plant in the serenity of its surroundings (its the control) and place the 500 watt stereo next to the other plant. Put the CD into the stereo and have the stereo play at about three-fourths its full volume and have it play next to the plant and have it play for a minimum of 7 hours next to the plant. Look at the diagram below for more information. 5. At noon give both plants 30 ml of water using the graduated cylinder. Do this again at 6 p. m. 6. The next day, note your observations and record your findings in a table. 7. Then feed the plants again and play the music for at least 7 hours and record the observations once more the next day. SETUP Data Collection and Evaluation Table: The effect of music on plant growth Day Plant without Music Plant with Music 1 The plant had sprouted and a small stem began to appear- 2 cm in length The plant had also sprouted and a stem larger than that of the other plants appeared- about 2. 47 cm 2 The plant continued to grow and the stem had reached a height of approximately 3. 22 cm. The plants stem also continued to grow but the stem had now reached a height of about 3. 85 cm Data Evaluation From the numbers and observations presented in the above data, that as time passed and the plants were closely monitored, the plant that had the music playing seemed to grow a lot more than the plant that grew in the quiet and serene environment; the quiet plant ended with a height of 3. 22 cm while the plant with music ended with a height of about 3. 85 cm. Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion. In the above data, it is deciphered that plants that grow with music grow much more than plants that grow in a quieter environment. This all has to do with the fact that different factors affect or stimulate plants, and sound is one of them. And, from the data, sound is a positive stimuli as it increased plant growth in one of the plants. This verifies the hypothesis and, since there are other results on the internet as well to verify that music really does stimulate plants, the results are plausible and reliable. Limitations Not everything can go according to plan or as hoped and so these errors that occurred during the experiment provide a basis from which the experiment can be proved: 1. There was only one trial instead of several and the experiment in this one trial was over a 48 hour period and it should have been longer so that the true comparison of the difference between a plant grown with music and a plant grown without music can be easily made. 2. Only one type of music (rock) was used and so it is now unknown whether different kinds of music and sound also act as a different stimulus for the plant. Suggestions for Improvement To create a much better and more reliable experiment, the experiment should be carried on for about a 4 day period in order to acquire more results than can show the differences between plants with and without music. Then, there should be at least 3 different plants; one control, one with a type of music, and another with a different type of music. This then will help to go deeper and explore this stimulus of sound toward plants on different levels. This entire experiment should then be at least repeated one more time to ensure plausible results. Bibliography http://forums. gardenweb. com/forums/load/teach/msg0113244514471. html? /teach/msg0113244514471. html http://www. sproutnet. com/toc. htm http://www. gcagators. org/Activities/fair/jason/analysis. htm.

Precision Agriculture Technician Role

Precision Agriculture Technician Role For a daily task of a precision agriculture technician is collect data for yields for corn or beans or anything like that. Or i could use geospatial technologies to collect data to find out how much nitrogen there is in the ground. The training you would need is basic like how to run microsoft excel and learn how to collect data and put in microsoft excel.You have to have a associates degree.Im looking to work in oklahoma.I would earn about 85,000 dollars a year. The benefits of this job would be working alone in a office or tractor. Having quite a bit of days off. Eventually I could be my own boss. After I work for a while i would be making close to 89,000 dollars. The extra education would be associates or bachelors for more money per year. Plus once you got the job you would need training and a little bit of experience with the computers in the tractor before you go mess with software designing and data and stuff like that. I picked to work in oklahoma is because i think it is nice out there and the only thing out there is land so land is cheaper. So I could have a goat farm like i wanted to and have 50 acres for grain production and 10 acres for goats and other stuff I need for them. The career in long term will help me with paying plus if i have a wife she would help me to if she worked. Then if we had kids we could easily put them through 4-h and mabey even national shows. The job would help me at home so i could go home and test new technologies before anybody else. This job would affect me greatly because if they ever released new technologies and didnt want to release it until they knew it actually worked i could take it home and test it and then that would make my grain production better every year. Then the better grain production is means i can buy more land and buy more goats. I could also sell the goats to even make more money so i could buy permint technology for my tractors that would make grain production better and then the circle keeps going. Plus I would start to learn every body from the community. I dont want to work in a town like indianapolis but more like monticello or smaller than lafayette. This job will effect my friends by not seeing them but maybe once every 5 years or so. But that doesnt affect me because that would be good because i dont like to many people from my school . On my goat ranch i would hope to have a dirt small aircraft landing and my own small airplane to go see my parents or they could come see me. And if they wanted to they could stay at my house or something like that because im pretty sure i would build a big house incase of any surprises. Or i could even put some baby goats or have an office in the house for computer software designer for self driving tractors. I dont think it would affect my social life because my social life is my goats and animals because i dont have friends. So i would still find like 4 friends and hang out with them on friday nights but for the most part i would spend my time at work or at home playing with goats. I think i would still travel but i would probable have one of my friend stake care of my goats so i know they are safe but i would still like to hunt and take my dad to alaska or somewhere up there to go elk hunting. Overall the job would pay starting out around 45,000 dollars a year and after like 4 years it would be around 87,000. What i would do with that money is buy me around 20 acres of field 10 acres of woods for hunting and 10 acres for farming with barns and goats and then the dirt track small airport. After a few years of paying everything off lie vehicles and michinalenous i would travel some and buy a rv. The benefits of the job will help me greatly because i can use it for grain production and then to buy goats and different stuff Plus it would help me in my job learning how to use all of this new technologies so when i go to install it for a customer i can explain everything to him. I would teach my kids to fish and hunt and about agriculture but by the time they are born the will know everything and will know better than me because agriculture is just technologies you dont even need the farmer no more thats why this job is so needed and its especially needed in oklahoma because all the ground is flat and goes forever so a lot of farms own a lot of acer sand they dont have the time to waste on planting one field when they could be planting five fields and later that season by harvesting all five at the same time

Male Superiority In Math: Fact or Fiction? Essay -- Argumentative Pers

Male Superiority In Math: Fact or Fiction? One true mystery of mathematics is the small number of female mathematicians. When most people think of mathematicians, they automatically assume that they are male. This leads to the idea that boys are mathematically superior to girls, which has long been a popular belief. Recent studies, however, may prove this to be wrong. The fact is that there are numerous female mathematicians who have made very important contributions to the mathematical world throughout history. Although they may not be as famous as some other comparable male mathematicians, their work is very important simply because they did significant work in a field that has always been assumed a man’s domain for some reason or another. Despite this, they still worked on mathematics because of the importance that they place on it. One possible explanation of there being more male mathematicians than female is the place that a mathematician has in society. It is a very honorable career, but in the mind of a girl, it may seem undesirable, especially at a young age. Many girls think that being a mathematician is a man’s job. They also believe that if they study mathematics, guys may view them as being "braniacs," and give up studying math at a very young age, thereby limiting their futures and career choices. A study was conducted by Gilah C. Leder whose primary objective was to "examine whether the fear of success (FS) construct, which grew out of attempts to understand the conflicting sex-related findings in achievement motivation, was helpful in explaining observed sex differences in mathematics, achievement and course participation" (4). The study was conducted with 258 boys and 233 girls in various grades. ... ...ew mathematical careers in different ways, and they may have superiorities over each other in certain areas of mathematics. However, the fact that they are different by no means proves that one sex is better at mathematics than the other; if these studies prove anything, it is that girls indeed are equally good at mathematics as boys. Bibliography 1.Volpe, Betty. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. http://www.nctm/org/mtms/1999/02/olympiad.htm. (10/26/99) 2.Fennema, Elizabeth. The Use of Spatial Visualization Mathematics by Girls and Boys. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 16(1985), 184. 3.Fennema, Elizabeth. Mathematics Learning and the Sexes: A Review. Journal for Research in Mathematics, 5 (1974), 126-139. 4.Leder, Gilah C. Mathematics Achievement and Fear of Success. Journal for Research in Mathematics, 13(1982), 124-135.

The Harlem Renaissance: A Black Cultural Revolution Essay -- American

The Harlem Renaissance- A Black Cultural Revolution James Weldon Johnson once said that "Harlem is indeed the great Mecca for the sight-seer; the pleasure seeker, the curious, the adventurous, the enterprising, the ambitious and the talented of the whole Negro world."("Harlem Renaissance") When one thinks of the Harlem Renaissance, one thinks of the great explosion of creativity bursting from the talented minds of African-Americans in the 1920s. Although principally thought of as an African-American literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance's influence extended through every form of culture: art, dance, music, theatre, literature, history, and politics. Along with the great contribution this period made towards art and entertainment, the Harlem Renaissance also made a great impact on a social level. The Harlem Renaissance gave birth to the first African-American cultural identity and played a significant role in the political thought of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. How did the Harlem Renaissance become a hub of Black culture and identity? Around the beginning of the 20th century, a period known as the Great Migration took place. 750,000 African Americans fled the economically depressed rural South and migrated to the urban cities of the North to take advantage of the numerous employment opportunities and racially tolerant atmosphere. 175,000 of these African-Americans settled in New York City. Between the end of World War I and 1924, some significant works made by African-Americans were published; these works revealed the increasing creative fervor developing in Harlem. The groundbreaking book A Social History of the American Negro by Benjamin Brawley was published. The book that really drew attention to Harle... ...f the Soul Men." History Today Aug. 1997: 31(2). Student Resource Center Junior. Thomson Gale. 17 Nov. 2005 . Carrick Hill, Laban. Harlem Stomp! New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2003. 52-73. "Harlem Renaissance." Wikipedia . 16 Nov. 2005. 17 Nov. 2005 Powell, Richard. "How did the Harlem Renaissance affect the politics leading up to the Civil Rights Movement?" Interview with Titus King. PBS Online Newshour. 20 Feb. 1998. PBS. 17 Nov. 2005. . Stewart, Jeffrey. "How did the Harlem Renaissance affect the politics leading up to the Civil Rights Movement?" Interview with Titus King. PBS Online Newshour. 20 Feb. 1998. PBS. 17 Nov. 2005 . Stuart, Andrea. "The Harlem Renaissance in the twenties produced a wealth of black talent. But what was its legacy and who did it really benefit?" New Statesman 27 June 1997: 3-3. LookSmart.com. 19 Oct. 2005 .

The Price Of Freedom :: essays research papers

What is the price of freedom that was paid, and is being paid? Freedom was paid with anguish, pain, time, and lives. We, the inhabitants of America, are fortunate to see this land where we have unalienable human rights that are just basic and essential statutes. There is always a cost for something; furthermore there is a price on our freedom. We pay taxes, follow the land and society ¡Ã‚ ¯s regulations, vote, and so on. The topic of importance and eminence is how, why, and what paid for our freedom. Women have come a long way from being  ¡Ã‚ °House-Wives. ¡Ã‚ ± In many countries, women have little or no power, or role. Furthermore, that is why this country, America, gives freedom to women to carry their own individual dreams out. They paid for their current freedom, suffrage, and liberty by peaceful, yet passionate and touching demonstrating. They have paved the way for the future to evolve and develop. Immigrants have paid for their freedom by working, or literally paying for it. It costs these new immigrants a pretty penny to migrate to the so-called  ¡Ã‚ °Land of Opportunity, ¡Ã‚ ± and worked harder than anyone else just to exist and survive here. New societal regulations and government rules just make it harder for newcomers to assimilate to their new lives. This country is built on immigration and their hard labor work, using people ranging from Black slaves to Hispanic workers on the streets waiting for jobs. Furthermore, without them many tasks would have not been achieved. The Chinese for example migrated here and built the first railroads, in addition they worked on sugar plantations of Hawaii, only increasing Uncle Sam ¡Ã‚ ¯s wallet. All for their freedom and liberty in America. World War I, World War II, Vietnam War, Korean War, American Revolution, Civil War, French & Indian War, and so on. These wars all occurred for one main reason, to protect the people and their endowed rights. If brave and courageous warriors did not step on to the battlefield, and sacrifice themselves to their country, who knows what could have happened.

Uniform Commerical Code (UCC)

The UCC refers to the Uniform Commercial Code which originally created in year 1952 by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute, which are two national nongovernmental legal organizations (Steingold, 2013). These two private entities recommend that the 50 state governments adopt the UCC; however, it does not become law unless it’s enacted by the state. The UCC is a â€Å"comprehensive statutory scheme which includes laws that cover aspects of commercial transactions† (Cheeseman, 2012, p. 161).The UCC divided into nine main articles; general provisions; sales and leases, negotiable instruments, bank deposits and collections, funds transfer, letters of credit, bulk transfers/bulk sales, documents of title, investment securities and secured transactions (Steingold, 2013). The UCC contains many fundamental rules with over a hundred different sections with the two main provisions being the UCC article 2 (sales) and article 2a (leases). If the states want to conduct business transactions such as borrowing money, leasing equipment, establishing contracts and selling goods, these are excellent sections to use under the UCC.Why UCC is necessary By the turn of the 20th century, as the national economy grew, there seem to be a need, and it became necessary to regulate business transactions in a uniform way (Kent, 2013). The UCC believed to become necessary in order to protect business well as individuals, for uniformity, with a primary purpose to make business laws highly consistent across all the American fifty states by making business activities more predictable and efficient.In the words of the UCC itself, the Code intended â€Å"to simplify, clarify and modernize† commercial law, â€Å"to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions† (Steingold, 2013, para. 1). This unified act, UCC, is an effort t o harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions within the United States of America in all fifty states (US Legal, Inc. , 2013). Harmonizing the state laws considered also as being of important due to the prevalence of commercial transaction that extend beyond just one state; for example, one state may manufacture the good, another state may warehouse goods, the next state may be use to sell goods, and the last state to deliver the goods.The UCC goal is to achieve substantial uniformity in commercial laws, and at the same time it allows the states the flexibility to meet circumstances locally by modifying the UCC’s text as enacted in each state. The reason the 50 states have adopted the UCC Given what's known about the law of contact verse Uniform Commercial Code, it’s believed that the reason that the 50 states and territories have enacted some versions of UCC is because it addresses most aspects of commercial laws and aspects of uniformity.In addition, the UCC rules applies directly or indirectly to so many transactions concerning business offers goods and/or services (including software) or products that most state more than likely feel it to be a good idea to comply because it brings uniformity. The UCC provides links directly to the state statues and once the state legislature adopts and enacts UCC it then becomes a state statute law and coded. Benefits & detriments of the UCC replacementOne significant benefit to UCC replacing the traditional law of contracts is that there is no development of contract forms. By adopting the UCC, other benefits are; interstate transactions, standardized commercial expectations, commercial stability, cost reduction and international trade. â€Å"The Uniform Commercial Code contributed significantly to the establishing of uniform laws governing commercial transactions from one state to the next: therefore, interstate commerce is more effectively and efficiently undertaken† (Broemmel, 201 3, para.2).UCC also makes commercial transaction less complex, simpler and by using the UCC it will help the states facilitate their sales of good, any banking transaction, as well as other areas within the UCC easier. All business can enjoy standardized commercial expectations because of the state laws governing commercial transaction uniformed. In addition, the UCC develops a strong sense of commercial stability because the UCC requires a contract for a sale of goods over $500 be in writing (Broemmel, 2013, para. 4).As well, because of the commercial standardization created by the Uniform Commercial Code, other benefits of the UCC; cost reduction and price control (Broemmel, 2013, para. 5). Lastly, the benefit for international trade, â€Å"the UCC allows for expedited international trade because of the establishment of a uniform system of commercial law in each of the states, both the export and import of goods into the United States undertaken more efficiently, with significant ly less red tape and in a more cost-effective manner† (Broemmel, 2013, para.6).On the other side, from the commerce standpoint, the disadvantages to the UCC replacing the traditional law of contracts comes into play when it comes to consideration, it potentially does not take everything into account that may be of interest to the state, causing a conflict of laws. Another concern is with the change of technology, and the UCC needs to maintain a pace with the change of technology as methods by which commerce conducted changes.As well, when it comes to UCC filings, Dunn & Bradstreet states â€Å"it is one of their determinants features on their credit report† (Business. com Media, Inc. , 2013). â€Å"A UCC filing is a business document, filed to the Secretary of State, to enact a lien on a business† (Business. com, Media, Inc. , 2013, para. 2).

Marriage – Argumentative Essay

Marriage is a social institution under which a man and woman establish their decision to live as husband and wife by legal commitment, religious ceremony, etc. This is the kind of marriage that we are all used to. Nowadays, in reality, there are some people who found love not to someone that are the opposite sex, but to those who are the same sex. A lot of people have been debating about the legality of gay marriage. From relating it to religion and its affect on the traditional family values, there are a lot factors that can make this into a controversy. Even though gay marriage is still an illegal action in the majority countries there are some factors that should be considered to make it become legal. Opponents of gay marriage claim that homosexuality is a sin in most religion. However, this statement violates the First Amendment of Constitution about the free exercise of religion on a person’s religious views must be protected. Which means that the government cannot make a law that is based on a certain religion rule. Additionally, the civil marriage and the religion marriage are a total different institution; therefore a law in the government that is based on a religion rule should not be made. Moreover, legalizing gay marriage also consistent with the Equal Right Amendment on the first text about the Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Therefore the legalization of gay marriage will make an equal marriage for all in the eye of the government based on those two Amendments. The other arguments that the opponents mentioned is that the Institution of Marriage will get less respect and the definition will become unclear. They said that the purpose of marriage which is to pro-create, hence the marriage between a man and women is the possible one. However, when we see the divorce rate in America for the past decade, the number is stable at 50% for the first marriage. This gives the impression that even the straight marriages give less respect to the institution it self. Moreover, if we look into the simple, deeper of marriage it self, marriage is a constitution between two people that are brought together by love. So, love is the basic aspect in this Institution of Marriage. Therefore gay marriage won’t give less respect or make the definition become unclear because basically they already fulfill the ground aspect of marriage, which is love. The final argument from the opponents of gay marriage is that family contains a mother and father. However, this meaning of family has become biased since in reality there are a lot of other families that doesn’t have a mother and father but we can still call them a family. So basically the meaning of family has changed due to the different things that occur in the reality. For instance, single mother and single father families are a common thing nowadays, with this one parent cover the two different role of two parents. Therefore there is no exception for the gay couple if they want to extend their family. As long as they will provide their kids with love, support, shelter, and things that the kids will need. Additionally there are a lot of kids that have been waiting to have their own family, so adoption in gay marriage will help both the kids and the gay couple in creating their own family. In conclusion, gay marriage is just like any other marriage with a twist of the same sex between the couple. Therefore the legalization of gay marriage will make an equal marriage for all in the eye of the government based on those two Amendments. Additionally, gay marriage won’t give less respect or make the definition become unclear because basically they already fulfill the ground aspect of marriage, which is love. Moreover there is no exception for the gay couple if they want to extend their family. As long as they will provide their kids with love, support, shelter, and things that the kids will need because there are a lot of kids that have been waiting to have their own family, so adoption in gay marriage will help both the kids and the gay couple in creating their own family. Furthermore, in my opinion everyone deserve an equal right to marry someone they love because everyone deserves to be happy. SEKAR RINDANG FASHION MANAGEMENT 1401125124 REFERENCES Dictionary. com 5 December 2011 Messerli, Joe. â€Å"Should Same-Sex Marriages be Legalize? † balancedpolitics. org 19 November 2011. 5 December 2011 Tsivkin, Roman. â€Å"Marriage Laws In The USA. † livestrong. com 8 April 2010. 5 December 2011 Wikipedia. com 5 December 2011 Wikipedia. com 5 December 2011 divorceguide. com 5 December 2011

Comprehensive Balance Sheet and Income Statement

Course Project Comprehensive Balance Sheet December 31st 2012 Assets Current Assets Cash $42,485 Account Receivable$165,824 Allowance for Doubtful accounts 1,850 Net Accounts Receivable 163,974 Inventories 499,493 Securities (available for sale/at fair market value) 28,250 Notes Receivable (due next year) 23,000 Prepaid Expenses 16,252 Total Current Assets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦$773,454 Non-Current Assets Investments in Warren Co. $87,500 Land 125,000 Building$975,800 Accumulated Depreciation 341,200 Net building 634,600 Goodwill 100,000 Patents 125,000Copyrights 105,000 Trademarks 80,000 Deposits with Vendors 50,000 Total Noncurrent Assets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1,307,100 Total Assets $2,080,554 Liabilities and Stockholder’s Equity Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable $197,532 Income Taxes Payable 62,520 Salaries Payable52,000 Notes Payable to Banks50,000 Mortgage Payable-current portion18,000 Accrued Liabilities 9,500 Accrued Interest on Notes payable 500 Customer Deposits (expected to be paid next year) 420 Total Current Liabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $390,472Non-Current Liabilities Mortgage Payable $290,000 Twenty-year, 12% Bonds, due 1/01/13500,000 Total Non-current Liabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $790,000 Total Liabilities$1,180,472 Stockholder’s equity Preferred Stock, 7%$300,000 Common Stock 400,000 Additional Paid-in Capital 37,500 Retained Earnings 162,582 Total Stockholders’ equity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $900,000 Total Liabilities and stockholders’ equity$2,080,554 Income Statement For the Year ending December 31st 2012 Sales Revenue$2,000,000 Sales Discounts 120,000 Net Sales Revenue $1,880,000 Costs of Goods Sold 1,000,000Gross Profit $880,000 Less: Operating Expenses Selling Expenses Selling Expenses$300,000 Depreciation Expenses 60,000 Total Selling Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 360,000 Administrative Expenses Administration Expenses$350,000 Depreciation Expenses 40,000 Total Admin Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 390,000 Total Operating Expenses 750,000 Total Operating Income $130,000 Other Operating Income Rental Income$50,000 Dividend Income 30,000 Interest Revenue 25,000 105,000 Earnings before taxes $235,000 Income Tax expense 82,250 Net income $152,750

HuckleBerry Finn Essay

â€Å"‘Ransomed? What’s that? ’ ‘†¦ it means that we keep them till they’re dead’† (10). This dialogue reflects Twain’s witty personality. Mark Twain, a great American novelist, exploits his humor, realism, and satire in his unique writing style in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain, born in 1835, wrote numerous books throughout his lifetime. Many of his books include humor; they also contain deep cynicism and satire on society. Mark Twain, the author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, exemplifies his aspects of writing humor, realism, and satire throughout the characters and situations in his great American novel. Mark Twain applies humor in the various episodes throughout the book to keep the reader laughing and make the story interesting. The first humorous episode occurs when Huck Finn astonishes Jim with stories of kings. Jim had only heard of King Solomon, whom he considers a fool for wanting to chop a baby in half and adds, â€Å"‘Yit dey say Sollermun de wises’ man dat ever live’. I doan’ take no stock in dat’† (75). Next, the author introduces the Grangerfords as Huck goes ashore and unexpectedly encounters this family. Huck learns about a feud occurring between the two biggest families in town: the Grangerfords and the Sheperdsons. When Huck asks Buck about the feud, Buck replies, â€Å"’†¦ a feud is this way: A man has a quarrel with another man, and kills him; then that other man’s brother kills him; then the other brothers, on both sides, goes for one another; then the cousins chip in – and by and by everybody’s killed off, and there ain’t no more feud’† (105). A duel breaks out one day between the families and Huck leaves town, heading for the river where he rejoins Jim, and they continue down the Mississippi. Another humorous episode appears n the novel on the Phelps plantation. Huck learns that the king has sold Jim to the Phelps family, relatives of Tom Sawyer. The Phelps family mistakes Huck for Tom Sawyer. When Tom meets with Aunt Sally, he â€Å"†¦ [reaches] over and [kisses] Aunt Sally on the mouth† (219) This comes as a surprises to her and Tom explains that he â€Å"[thinks] [she] [likes] it† (219) Later, Huck runs into Tom on the way into town and the two make up another story about their identities. The two then devise a plan to rescue Jim. They use Jim as a prisoner and make him go through jail escaping cliches. While going through these rituals he replies â€Å"‘I never knowed b’ fo’ ‘twas so much bother and trouble to be a prisoner’† (252). In the end, though, Tom reveals that Jim owns himself. Twain uses humor as a way to add realism to multiple situations. Mark Twain employs several examples of realism in the way he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain explores the gullibility of society when the duke and king go to the camp meeting and collect money from the poor, unsuspecting, church-going people. The king makes up a story about his profession as a pirate who lost his crew at sea, to which the people respond saying, â€Å"‘Take up a collection for him, take up a collection! ’† (128). Twain uses deceit, lying, and hypocrisy throughout the novel, which appear in various chapters. Twain also reveals examples of realism through the dialect the characters use in the novel. In his book, Twain utilizes the real dialect used at the time, which further demonstrates the realist qualities which he possesses. Throughout the book, Twain includes many different dialects including â€Å"the Missouri Negro dialect; the extremest form of the backwoods Southwestern dialect; the ordinary ‘Pike County’ dialect, and four modified varieties of the last† (2). Other examples of realism occur throughout the setting. The story takes place in St. Petersburg and on the Mississippi, near Twain’s place of birth. In particular, Mark Twain makes use of the episodes of realism as a way to satirize society. Satire, another element in Twains writing, occurs many times throughout his novel as well. A convincing example of satire occurs in the first chapter when Huck says, â€Å"[b]y and by they fetched the niggers in and had prayers, and then everybody was off to bed† (5). This pokes fun at the fact that Miss Watson tries to become a better Christian and a better person but still owns slaves and considers them property. Another satisfactory example of satire occurs when Pap becomes outraged at the thought of a black man having the opportunity to vote. However, the black man actually has more education than Pap (27). Twain uses the Boggs-Sherburn event to include more satire. When Boggs enters the story he says he has come to murder Colonel Sherburn. Sherburn then proceeds to shoot Boggs and the townspeople plan to lynch him. Sherburn laughs in their faces and says to them, â€Å"‘you are – cowards’† (142). Finally the crowd breaks up and moves on (142). Huck reflects on this incident and says â€Å"†¦ the pitifulest thing out is a mob† (142). Another prime example of satire occurs when Huck goes to the Phelps plantation and sees the two frauds, the king and the duke, tarred and feathered. He points out that â€Å"[h]uman beings can be awful cruel to one another† (222). Mark Twain includes numerous examples of satire throughout the novel. Through the use of humor, realism, and satire, Twain illustrates these aspects of his writing style. His style portrays the flaws in society and how pre-Civil War people treat each other. Mark Twain, one of the great American novelists of the nineteenth century, uses his books to teach others about life in the 1840s. Huckleberry Finn Analysis Although there are several themes that are apparent in Mark Twain’s The Adventures Huckleberry Finn, there is one theme that is more distinguished throughout the course of the novel than any other. This satirical view of Twain’s is apparent through his story of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain uses satire to convey his views on the failings and evils of society by poking fun at the institutions of religion, education, and slavery. This satirical view of Twain’s is apparent through his story of Huckleberry Finn. Religion is one of the key recipients of Twain’s satire throughout the novel. Huck is forced by Ms. Watson to read and learn about the important people in The Bible, and within the first pages of the book we discover Huck is not fond of the widow or her lectures. Twain uses Huck to reveal his idea that people put so much devotion into the works of long-gone ancestors of The Bible that they ignore other moral accomplishments of the present day. It is shown that religious people seem to be blind to the realities of modern civilization, and are living their lives according to old morals. This is why Huck mentions that the widow does not see any good in his works, and regardless of what Huck feels, his good deeds are not a . . . The youngest Grangerford grows up in a world of feuds, family picnics, and Sunday sermons that are appreciated but rarely followed and never questions the ways of his family. This family lives their lives by tradition, and the fact that the feud is a tradition justifies its needless, pointless violence for them. As Mark Twain once said, â€Å"I believe I have no prejudices whatsoever. Another time, Pap is ranting about an educated black and insists that he is superior to the colored man, even though he himself has no education and, is a drunk. This novel also shows that recognition of a human being is sometimes unintentionally ignored, as seen through religion and education, yet very deliberate through the torment of slavery. After this, Huck begins to truly consider the fact that Jim is smart, â€Å"I never see such a nigger†¦. nything honorable, like biblical events, in the eyes of his elders. By using this feud as an example, Twain shows that people will blindly follow what they have been raised on without stopping to think about the consequences. Huck admires the Grangerfords’ principles, and the interest they placed in good manners, delicious food, and attractive possessions. The reasons for the rivalries between the two families have been forgotten. This idea is brought to the reader’s attention when Col. All I need to know is that a man is a member of the human race. The Shepherdsons done the same† (110). Common topics in this essay: Huck Jim, Mark Twain, Bible Huck, Twain Huck, Grangerfords Huck, Mark Twains, Deacon Winn, Grangerford Shepherdsons, Huckleberry Finn, Ms Watson, huckleberry finn, apparent story, finn mark, mark twain, adventures huckleberry, adventures huckleberry finn, huckleberry finn mark, view twains apparent, view twains, twains apparent, satire throughout, story huckleberry, apparent story huckleberry, beliefs towards, story huckleberry finn, Huckleberry Finn In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain created a character who exemplifies freedom within, and from, American society. Huck lives on the margins of society because, as the son of the town drunk, he is pretty much an orphan. He sleeps where he pleases, provided nobody chases him off, and he eats when he pleases, provided he can find a morsel. No one requires him to attend school or church, bathe, or dress respectably. It is understandable, if not expected, that Huck smokes and swears. Years of having to fend for himself have invested Huck with a solid common sense and a practical competence that complement Tom’s dreamy idealism and fantastical approach to reality (Tom creates worlds for himself that are based on those in stories he has read). But Huck does have two things in common with Tom: a zest for adventure and a belief in superstition. Through Huck, Twain weighs the costs and benefits of living in a society against those of living independently of society. For most of the novel, adult society disapproves of Huck, but because Twain renders Huck such a likable boy, the adults’ disapproval of Huck generally alienates us from them and not from Huck himself. After Huck saves the Widow Douglas and gets rich, the scale tips in the direction of living in society. But Huck, unlike Tom, isn’t convinced that the exchange of freedom for stability is worth it. He has little use for the money he has found and is quite devoted to his rough, independent lifestyle. When the novel ends, Huck, like Tom, is still a work in progress, and we aren’t sure whether the Widow Douglas’s attempts to civilize him will succeed (Twain reserves the conclusion of Huck’s story for his later novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn). Mark Twain: Realism and Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain: Realism and Huckleberry Finn Wednesday, August 29th, 2007. Is Mark Twain a Realist, nothing more and nothing less? As well as considering the meaning of Realism in a literary context this essay will critically examine the issues raised by the question with an analysis of Chapter XXXI, in which Jim is â€Å"stolen† and Huck decides that he will help Jim though he believes he will go to hell for doing so. In so doing it will be seen that the assertion is too narrow. One view is that Realism is not attainable: it is simply impossible to represent reality within a literary framework, K. Dauber (1999, p.386), considering Realism, argues that we can only get near to it in the imagination of the reader. The use of metaphors and similes assists us to create, within our own imagination, a landscape within which plausible events occur as part of an understandable and plausible plot. Dauber, strictly speaking, is correct, however Realist texts do exist, in considering them we need a guide as to what it is that makes them Realist. A descriptive term like Realism is useful to the reader. D. Pizer considers that â€Å"descriptive terms† such as â€Å"romanticism, realism and classicism are valuable and necessary† (1961, pp.263 – 269). His starting point is George Becker’s definition. Becker based his definition upon readings of European and American fiction since 1870; dividing realism into three categories: the realistic mode, realism of subject matter, and philosophical realism, Pizer considers â€Å"the realistic mode† based on three criteria: â€Å"Verisimilitude of detail derived from observation and documentation† (1949, pp. 184 – 197). The use of various dialects (discussed in the preface), detailed descriptions of the river and nature are Realist observations. The style fits the first part of this definition. Secondly is â€Å"reliance upon the representative rather than the exceptional in the plot, setting, and character† (1949, pp. 184 – 197). A slave’s escape from captivity and recapture is plausible and thus Realist. Thirdly is â€Å"an objective†¦. rather than a subjective or idealistic view of human nature and experience† (1949, pp. 184 – 197). Observations and descriptions of slavery, life in the South and on the river are objective. In chapter XXXI, Huck must decide between a moral obligation to contact Miss Watson and his debt to Jim for his help on their journey down river. The text of Huckleberry Finn up to, and including, chapter XXXI conforms to Becker’s â€Å"realist mode† definition. On this basis, Twain is a Realist. However, categorisations are just guides as to what we may expect from a text or writer when categorised as Realist, Romanticist or Classicist. Twain explains his style in the preface. From this preface, Twain clearly considered it a Realist book. It is clear and generally agreed amongst critics, that up to and including chapter XXXI, Huckleberry Finn is a realist text. Given the difficulties facing a slave on the run, within the contemporary context of its setting, it is plausible that Jim would face capture and be either lynched, mutilated or at least beaten if caught. However, one cannot consider Twain was â€Å"nothing more and nothing less than a Realist† in the context of this chapter alone. Critics, in the first half of the twentieth century, focused on the ending or â€Å"evasion† for analysis. Since the mid Twentieth Century, attention has focused on issues of race, gender and sexuality. Many view the ending as disappointing: described it as an anti climax, even â€Å"burlesque† (De Voto, 1932). Tom Sawyer’s scheming to set free an already free slave is a betrayal and even â€Å"whimsicality† (T. S. Eliot (although he also argues that this is the only correct ending)). The style of the ending is different from the preceding text, it is more slapstick and humorous. Ernest Hemingway (1935) claimed, â€Å"All modern American literature comes from Huckleberry Finn†, but continued: â€Å"if you read it you must stop where the nigger Jim is stolen from the boys. This is the real end. The rest is cheating†. De Voto (1932) considered the last eleven chapters fell â€Å"far below the accomplishment of what had gone before†¦this extemporized burlesque was a defacement of his purer work† (Cited by Hill, 1991, p 314). Tom Sawyer describes it, an â€Å"evasion†. It certainly detracts from the power of chapter XXXI: Huck’s rejection of Southern values, its belief in slavery and the superiority of whites. The â€Å"evasion† is the missed opportunity to emphasise this rejection by descending in to whimsicality and burlesque. The problem with Hemingway’s advice is that the book does not end at Chapter XXXI. Full analysis requires a complete reading. The whole thrust of the ending, from when Tom returns to centre stage is that of comedy and farce, it is as though Huck is acquiescing in Tom Sawyers pranks and wild schemes. L. Trilling (1948) argues that Huck is simply deferring to Tom by giving him â€Å"centre stage†. Eliot agrees, but then argues that it is right Huck does give way to Tom. The style of the book comes from Huck and the river provides form: we understand the river by seeing it through Huck, who is himself also the spirit of the river and like a river, Huckleberry Finn has no beginning or end (cited by Graff and Phelan, 1995, pp 286 – 290). Therefore, Huck, logically, has no beginning or end: as such he â€Å"can only disappear† in a â€Å"cloud of whimsicalities†. For Eliot this is the only way that the book can end. However, Eliot and Trilling rely on the fact that the River, Huck and Jim are symbolic, that they are allegorical. This suggests that the later chapters of the book are Romantic in style. The entire book must be considered in the context of the ending (however much it may disappoint), it is more a Romance; and to say that Twain is â€Å"nothing more and nothing less than a Realist† is thus incorrect. However, what is Romanticism? In the United States Romanticism enjoyed philosophic expression within the movement known as Transcendentalism, in the texts of Emerson and Thoreau. Symbolic novels of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville emphasized concern with Transcendent reality. Nathaniel Hawthorne in the preface to The Scarlet Letter, The Custom House, writes, â€Å"If a man, sitting all alone, cannot dream strange things, and make them look like truth, he need never try to write romances. † Romance offers a symbolic view of the world and, in that context, a historical representation of current issues is crucial (M. Kinkead-Weekes, 1982, p. 74). Symbolism and allegory are fundamental to a Romanticist text: â€Å"astonishing events may occur, and these are likely to have a symbolic or ideological, rather than a realistic, plausibility† R. Chase (1962, p13). Eliot’s interpretation, when considered in this context, asserts that Twain was not in fact writing as a Realist exclusively or, arguably, at all. Hemingway does receive support in his argument that the ending â€Å"is cheating†. From Leo Marx, in his 1953 article: â€Å"Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn†. He agrees that the ending does not fall within the realist tradition and offends plausibility in several ways: Miss Watson would not free Jim, the interjection of humour is â€Å"out of keeping† with the rest of the book: Huck’s easy transformation from bravely assisting an escaped slave and agonising over this moral position maturely, to clown; is not plausible. To assist in humiliating Jim, a slave transformed to â€Å"freedom fighter†, when known, by Tom at least, that he is free already (however implausible that may be) is at odds with chapter XXXI and all preceding chapters. The ending reflects a conflict within Twain represented by Huck and Tom, he wanted to criticise Southern society but also to gain its approval. He does this by â€Å"freeing† an already free slave, so of the two white heroes, neither transgresses the law, nor break any moral codes of the South, and Huck is saved from going to Hell. This marks a massive retreat from the powerful, and arguably most dramatic, scene in the text: the decision of Huck to reject that society’s values and go to Hell, rather than betray his friend Jim. Marx may have been critical of the ending of the book in terms of content, but, in his 1956 article, which examines the literary style of Twain in Huckleberry Finn, he considers use of language and the â€Å"book’s excellence†. He concludes the article by eulogising the text as one â€Å"which manages to suggest the lovely possibilities of life in America without neglecting its terrors†. The two articles when read together are a powerful argument in favour of categorizing Huckleberry Finn as a Romance Twain a Romanticist rather than â€Å"Nothing more and nothing less than a Realist. † J. M. Cox (1966) challenges Marx’s assessment: postulating that it is a story about a boy who has found himself, through force of circumstance in a difficult position. The reappearance of Tom in the story is a relief to Huck. By deferring to Tom at this stage, Huck is acting within character as developed earlier in the text: happy to be free of the responsibilities thrust upon him. However, this analysis disregards the moral development of Huck in the text up to and including Chapter XXXI and the maturity of his moral deliberations. Marx, and others, are attempting to impose a political agenda that is not evident from the text; succumbing to the fashion that it is necessary for a hero to have an agenda. Huckleberry Finn is a child’s book. To impose sub texts involving subtle critiques of racial, gender, sexual and political issues misses the point entirely and is an over intellectualisation: blatantly ignoring Twain’s instructions at the beginning of the book (R.Hill, 1991). If following Hemingway’s advice then Twain is no more and no less than a realist, but is not to read the book in its entirety: Chapter XXXI is not the end of the text. Twain has succeeded in creating a work of fiction that engenders precisely the kind of debate that he ironically dissuades the reader from indulging in: a literary masterpiece that stubbornly refuses to fit neatly into any categorization at all. To say, â€Å"Twain is a Realist nothing more and nothing less† is thus inaccurate. Word Count: 1609 Bibliography George Becker, (June 1949), pp. 184 – 197, â€Å"Realism: An Essay in Definition†, in Modern Language Quarterly Richard Chase, (1957), The American Novel and Its Tradition, Anchor Books p. 13 James Cox, â€Å"Attacks on the Ending and Twain’s Attack on Conscience†, in Mark Twain: The fate of Humor, University of Missouri Press (1966); excerpted in Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, Edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan (1995) St. Martins Press pp. 305 – 312 Kenneth Dauber, (Summer 1999), â€Å"Realistically Speaking: Authorship, in late 19th Century and Beyond†, in American Literary History, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp 378-390 T. S. Eliot, â€Å"The Boy and the River: Without Beginning or End† reproduced in Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, Edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan (1995) St. Martins Press pp. 296 – 290 Ernest Hemingway, 1935, Green Hills of Africa Gerald Graff and James Phelan Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, (1995) St. Martins Press Richard Hill, (1991), â€Å"Overreaching: Critical Agenda and the Ending of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, Texas Studies in Literature and Language (Winter 1991): reproduced in Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, Edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan (1995) St. Martins Press pp. 312 – 334 Mark Kinkead-Weekes, (1982), â€Å"The Letter, the Picture, and the Mirror: Hawthorne’s Framing of The Scarlet Letter† Nathaniel Hawthorne New Critical Essays, Vision Press Limited, p. 74 Leo Marx, (1953), â€Å"Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn† The American Scholar reproduced in Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, Edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan (1995) St. Martins Press pp. 290 – 305 Leo Marx, (1956), â€Å"The Pilot and the Passenger: Landscape Conventions and the Style of Huckleberry Finn†, in American Literature, Vol. 28, No. 2, (May, 1956) pp. 129 -146 Robert Ornstein, (1959), â€Å"The Ending of Huckleberry Finn†, in Modern Language Notes, Vol. 74, No. 8 (Dec. , 1959), pp. 698 – 702 Donald Pizer, (1961), â€Å"Late Nineteenth Century American Realism: An Essay in Definition†, in Nineteenth Century American Fiction, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Dec 1961), pp 263-69 E. Arthur Robinson, (1960), â€Å"The Two â€Å"Voices† in Huckleberry Finn†, in Modern Language Notes, Vol. 75, No. 3. (Mar. 1960), pp. 204 – 208 Lionel Trilling, (1948), in Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1948 Rinehart edition, excerpted in Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a Case Study in Critical Controversy, Edited by Gerald Graff and James Phelan (1995) St. Martins Press pp. 284 – 290 Posted in Mark Twain: Realism and Huckleberry Finn, American Fiction | No Comments  » Huckleberry Finn Sponsored Links Huckleberry Finn Youth Find Deals, Read Reviews from Real People. Get the Truth. Then Go. www. TripAdvisor. com Ernest Hemingway wrote that â€Å"all modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. †¦All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in 1885, and in that year the public library in Concord, Massachusetts, became the first institution to ban the novel. Twain’s use of the word â€Å"nigger† later led some schools and libraries to ban the book. Huckleberry Finn was first attacked during Twain’s day because of what some described as its indecency; later, it would be attacked as racist. But by the end of the twentieth century, its status as one of the greatest of American novels was almost universally recognized. Huck Finn, the protagonist and narrator of the novel, is around thirteen or fourteen years of age. He is being raised by Miss Watson and the Widow Douglas, both of whom blindly accept the hypocritical religious and moral nature of their society and try to help Huck understand its codes and customs. They represent an artificial life that Huck wishes to escape. Huck’s attempt to help Jim, a runaway slave, reunite with his family makes it difficult for him to understand what is right and wrong. The book follows Huck’s and Jim’s adventures rafting down the Mississippi River, where Huck gradually rejects the values of the dominant society, especially its views on slavery. Bibliography Blair, Walter. Mark Twain and Huck Finn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960. Smith, Henry Nash. Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer. Cambridge, Mass. : Belknap Press, 1962. Any new collection of essays on Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is quite welcome. With the continuing debates over the novel and its relevance in the classroom, easy access to a variety of viewpoints can only help readers arrive at their own decisions. Katie de Koster’s anthology serves this purpose, offering a range of perspectives from the date of Huckleberry Finn’s publication to the present. In the Series Foreword, the general editors state that the essays for each volume are chosen specifically for â€Å"a young adult audience. † With this audience in mind, de Koster includes brief summaries of each article in the table of contents, and she groups the essays themselves into thematic sections with descriptive headers. Both arrangements will likely help students locate information and ideas relevant to their interests. On the other hand, many of the essays’ original titles have been changed (and this may prove confusing to some scholars), but original publication information is footnoted on the first page of each essay. De Koster has arranged the notably diverse essays into four sections: â€Å"The Storyteller’s Art,† â€Å"Images of America,† â€Å"Issues of Race,† and â€Å"The Problematic Ending. † Each section includes four or five essays. The first section includes opinions by Brander Matthews, Victor Doyno, James M. Cox, Alfred Kazin, and Ralph Cohen. Matthews’ 1885 review provides a practical starting point for understanding the novel as well as its shifting literary and historical significance. Matthews not only praises its realism, the vernacular dialect of Huck, and its humor, but he also admires Twain’s depiction of Southern blacks and Tom Sawyer’s treatment of Jim in the final chapters. Doyno’s selection–excerpted from Writing Huck Finn: Mark Twain’s Creative Process (1991)–focuses on how Twain painstakingly revised the manuscript to shape the individual personalities of each character. Doyno’s excellent and detailed analysis, however, might have served better after Cox’s and Kazin’s more general discussions of Huck’s personality and choices and of Twain’s artistic discoveries and social purposes. In the final essay of this section, Cohen highlights a topic of probable interest to many college-age readers: the games, tricks, and superstitions of Huckleberry Finn. In the second section, â€Å"Images of America,† de Koster chooses essays/excerpts by Horace Fiske, Andrew Hoffman, Gladys Bellamy, and Jay Martin. Fiske’s 1903 appreciation of Huckleberry Finn tends toward summary, paraphrase, and long quotation rather than interpretation, and it seems somewhat out of place in the collection. On the other hand, Hoffman examines Huck as a representative of the nineteenth-century social and political ideals associated with Andrew Jackson. The excerpt by Bellamy purports to discuss Huckleberry Finn as a satire on American institutions, but the section on the institution of slavery has been removed, and the expressed opinions about race often come across as dated. For example, Bellamy writes that Twain â€Å"shows us the African in Jim, imbuing him with a dark knowledge that lies in his blood† (97). Such pronouncements are not well calculated to illuminate young readers’ understanding of Twain’s novel. In the last essay of this section, however, Martin provides a useful and nuanced explanation of Huck’s vacillating position between Nature and Civilization. The third section, â€Å"Issues of Race†, contains essays by John Wallace, Richard Barksdale, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Eric Lott, and Jane Smiley. Wallace’s oft-quoted essay, in which he describes Huckleberry Finn as â€Å"racist trash,† raises several valid concerns regarding the use of the novel in American high schools, but lacks strength in its textual analysis. Nevertheless, his major concern is taken up effectively by Barksdale, who places the novel within its historical context to show both the ironic intentions of Twain and the difficulty of learning and teaching those ironies in the classroom. Fishkin then explains not only the indebtedness that Twain had toward African American sources, including â€Å"Sociable Jimmy,† black spirituals, and personal acquaintances, but also the impact Twain had on subsequent American writers. Exploring this further, Lott discusses how Twain’s reliance upon blackface minstrelsy both allowed the complex achievement of Huckleberry Finn while simultaneously making it â€Å"perhaps unteachable to our own time. † In the final essay of this chapter, Smiley compares â€Å"Twain’s moral failure† in his characterization of Jim to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s unequivocal anti-racism in Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Overall, this section is the strongest. That these complex understandings of Mark Twain and Huckleberry Finn often tend toward the negative comes as something of a surprise after de Koster’s preface. De Koster introduces this collection within the context of the current racial controversy, but then offers a rather emphatic but largely unsupported series of statements. For example, after recounting Huck’s famous decision to â€Å"go to hell† and free Jim, she writes, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is clearly antislavery. The reader is supposed to believe Huck made the right choice when he helped an escaped slave† (13). Instead of telling the reader what s/he is supposed to believe, de Koster would do better to explain her reasoning within the complicated matrix of ideas in her collection. On a more positive note, her preface also includes a 20-page biography of Samuel Clemens that provides a useful introduction for students unfamiliar with his life. In the final section of the collection, â€Å"The Problematic Ending,† de Koster includes opinions by Joyce Rowe, Jose Barchilon and Joel Kovel, Carson Gibb, and Richard Hill. Rowe argues that Twain intentionally destroys the â€Å"fictional comforts of verisimilitude† in the final chapters to expose the â€Å"grotesque† values of society, including those of the readers. Barchilon and Kovel offer a psychoanalytic interpretation of the escape, interpreting Jim’s prison as a womb, his chains as an umbilical cord, and the Mississippi River as Huck’s loving mother. Gibb justifies the ending as an intentionally bad joke that reflects the culture that Huck seeks to escape, yet the 1960 essay is most noticeable for the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† without quotation marks. Gibb seems to feels justified in this usage because he has explained that Huck and Tom â€Å"believe niggers and people are two different things† (177). However, its use is unnecessary to his argument and also insensitive to the extreme. Because of this, the essay itself seems inappropriate for a collection aimed at young readers. Finally, Hill presents the most formidable vindication of the final chapters to date, arguing that Huck’s response to Tom is plausible for a boy, and that Jim’s response shows an intelligent manipulation of contemporary stereotypes to exert at least some control over a delicate and dangerous situation. All in all, de Koster’s collection offers a useful variety of opinions. It will doubtless contribute to current debates of Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and its place in our classrooms. About the reviewer: Joe Coulombe grew up in the Mississippi River town of LaCrosse, Wisconsin (mentioned briefly in Life on the Mississippi, ch. 30). After earning his PhD at the University of Delaware in 1998, he began a tenure-track position at the

Rodney King Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rodney King Case - Essay Example The driver of the speeding vehicle was Rodney Glenn King. He and two fellow passengers were intoxicated at that time. When the car chase ended, the other two did not resist arrest but Rodney King did. According to the police officers present at the scene, he acted aggressively, seemingly threatening the officers. So, they beat him. In fact, within a few minutes 4 officers had badly kicked Rodney King, shocked him, and used a taser gun and batons. Rodney King sustained eleven skull fractures and major kidney damage (VanHise, n.d.). Had it not been for George Holliday no one would have known of this in-humane behavior. George lived in a nearby flat and happened to have a camera with which he recorded the entire incident. He later gave the tape to a local news channel and by the next day, March 4th 1991, the video was playing on news channels everywhere (BBC, 2002). LAPD maintained that officers acted in self-defense. But the now infamous George Holliday video showed a merciless beating of a man who apparently possessed no weapons of any kind and was under the influence of alcohol and looked to be harmless. The video tape got humongous publicity, and due to the public outrage brought on by it, prosecutors filed charges against some of the police officers involved that night (BBC, 2002). ... Everyone reacted with disbelief but for many, the very first emotion they felt was anger. Jury’s decision was the last spark needed to ignite riots from thousands of people from suppressed communities of Los Angeles (CNN Wire Staff. 2011). Three days of rioting ensued causing a loss of nearly $1 billion in L.A. alone. The riots then extended to other U.S. cities as well leading to 12000 arrests, 2000 reported injuries and 55 deaths. The extensive riots led to a federal civil rights trial of the four accused officers (Delk, 1995). This time around justice was served. The grand jury returned indictments against the officers on the 4th of August. The indictments were for three of the police officers for knowingly and deliberately harming an unarmed individual. Koon was accused because he allowed this illegal act to proceed and did not make an attempt to prevent it from happening. A compensation of 3.8 million dollars was given to Rodney as well (Linder, 2011). That beating on Mar ch 3, 1991 was not King’s last run-in with the law. In the years following the trial he was arrested many times. He has been arrested on charges of domestic abuse, DUI, robbing a convenience store and beating the clerk. Most of his problems stem from his addiction to alcohol. King’s parole officer Tim Fowler, describes him as a guy who can intelligently function in society. His problem, according to Tim, is alcoholism. King started drinking at an early age. Born is Sacramento in 1965, King was an exceptional athlete at his school and was attached to his father who passed away sooner than King would have liked. King helped his father in cleaning commercial buildings taking the late night shift of 5 pm to 2 am. This really disturbed his

Knowledge Communication and Sharing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Knowledge Communication and Sharing - Coursework Example Introduction Knowledge is a critical component that provides sustainable competitive advantage in this dynamic business environment (Demarest, 1997; Wang and Noe, 2010). However, in this knowledge economy managing organizational resource of knowledge is an important challenge facing the top executives. Dissemination of knowledge among the members of a team, unit or department entails that individuals and departments become involved in the process of knowledge sharing (De Vries, Ven den Hooff and De Ridder, 2006). Various studies have been conducted highlighting the benefits of knowledge sharing (Wang and Noe, 2010), the importance of trust and shared values in knowledge sharing (Willem, Buelens and Scarbrough, 2006), the role of team leaders in facilitating knowledge sharing (Lee, Gillespie, Mann and Wearing, 2010) and the high cost of not finding information (Feldman, 2004). At the same time there are debates on whether formal networking is preferred over informal networks that have now become ingrained into people’s lives. This is a qualitative research based on the findings of previous studies motivated by the numerous social media tools that facilitate knowledge sharing. The research question that would be addressed in this report is whether informal networks facilitate enhanced knowledge sharing than formal procedures. ... It also means to collaborate with others to solve problems, develop new ideas or implement to policies and ideas (Wang and Noe, 2010). Knowledge sharing is the process where individuals mutually exchange their tacit and explicit knowledge and jointly create new knowledge (De Vries, Ven den Hooff and De Ridder, 2006). Knowledge sharing can occur through different means such as written correspondence, networking, face-to-face communications, documenting, organizing and capturing knowledge for others. While knowledge is the key to effective competition, knowledge has to be managed in a systematic manner to achieve the desired results, claims Demarest (1997). All companies have knowledge economies within the organization but to be useful knowledge has to be distributed and shared to increase company performance. Demarest describes the four stages of knowledge which include discerning knowledge, choosing a container, dissemination and the use made of knowledge. In addition, the entire pro cess has to be supported, managed and measured. Demarest also describes four categories of knowledge – imperative or cultural, predictive or having a pattern, bound by rules and prescriptions for performance. Factors that influence knowledge sharing Wang and Noe (2010) endorse that the success of knowledge management initiatives depends upon knowledge sharing. While an organization may invest in training and developing its employees, how expertise and knowledge is transferred to novices who need to know is equally important. Through a narrative review of the existing literature Wang and Noe and highlight the importance of knowledge. The authors highlight the difference between knowledge sharing and

To what extent did the successive rulers successfully avoid the Essay

To what extent did the successive rulers successfully avoid the principles of the Revolution between 1815 and 1848 - Essay Example By doing this, we will not only be able to understand this subject matter better, but we will also be able to attain a much more knowledgeable and informed point of view on this issue as well. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The French Revolution took place basically from the year 1789 to the year 1799, and it was a period in which serious political and social change took place in regards to the political history of France and Europe as a whole. As well, it was a period during which "the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Enlightenment ideals of democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, including mass executions and repressions during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power" (Wikipedia, 2007). After the Revolution, and basically for the next century on, France would then be governed as a republic, a dictatorship, a constitutional monarchy, and an empire as well. There are many different causes that are considered as being influential on the start of the French Revolution, and in particular there are many economic factors that are involved here. After all there was an incredibly poor economic situation that was present as well as a rather unmanageable national debt, and not only that but there were also a high number of wars during the 18th century, a fact which also greatly contributed to the start of the Revolution. As well there was an incredibly high unemployment rate and food scarcity that was apparent, particularly so in the months immediately preceding the onset of the Revolution. However there were also many social and political factors that were involved here, and for instance, there was a resentment of royal absolutism, as well as a resentment of noble privilege and dominance in public life by that of the more ambitious professional classes. The French Revolution, rather ironically enough, is considered as being a failed revolution, as "Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite quickly descended to the towering figure of Robespierre and his Reign of Terror as the revolution spun out of control and began to murder itself. First the royalists were beheaded, next the moderate girondists, and by then the violence and suspicion was totally out of hand as the revolution devoured itself" (French, n.d.). It was in the year 1789 when the National Assembly took a collective oath to draft a new and 'better' civil constitution for France, and this task was finally completed in the year 1791. "The new constitution declared France to be a constitutional monarchyandWithin this new government, all legislative powers would fall to a single Legislative Assembly, which alone had the power to declare war and raise taxes" (Hooker, 1996). There were many things that came from this new constitution, and one of the most primary matters was that of economic reform; as the Assembly was faced with the project of reforming the finances and economy of the country and, not only this, but as well, the government